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Write a 5-line brief: who uses the result, what decision it supports, what 'good' looks like. Concepts: Problem framing; decision vs prediction; success metric Project A: Decision: approve or reject a loan application. Success: catch Bad applicants (Bad recall) while keeping business cost low: cost = 5 × FN + 1 × FP (Hofmann cost matrix). Accuracy is NOT the metric. Project B: Decision: how much power to schedule for each hour tomorrow? Success: low error in MW (MAE/MAPE), especially at evening peaks.